• 
    

    
    

      99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看

      ?

      Literature Review on the Definition and Classification of Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition

      2019-04-11 09:42:16姚琦
      速讀·下旬 2019年3期
      關(guān)鍵詞:文秋芳大學(xué)外語教學(xué)

      姚琦

      The study of learning strategies is an important part in the field of second language acquisition,which is recognized that some language learners learn a second language more effectively and successfully than others.

      1 The definition of learning strategies

      Chamot and OMalley (1987) believe that learning strategies are the skills,methods and conscious behaviors that learners use them to help with learning.Rubin (1987) suggests that learning strategies are the strategies that can help learners construct their own language systems and affect learning directly.Oxford (1989) believes that learning strategies are actions taken by learners in order to make language learning more effective,interesting and autonomous.Ellis (1994) suggests that learning strategies refer to the psychological behavior or action associated with a particular stage in the whole language acquisition or language use process.

      2 Classification of learning strategies

      Oxford (1990) classifies learning strategies into direct strategies and indirect strageies.The former is divided into memory strategy,cognitive strategy and compensation strategy.In contrast,indirect strategies “provide indirect support for language learning through focusing,planning,evaluating,controlling anxiety and other means” (Oxford,1990:151).Indirect strategies are divided into three sub-categories: metacognitive strategy,affective strategy and social strategy.

      According to the theory of cognition,Chamot & OMalley (1990) divide learning strategies into three types.Metacognitive strategies are used to evaluate,manage,and monitor other learning strategies and learning processes.Cognitive strategies are used in a language learning activity.The social affective strategies is only used to provide more opportunities to contact with language for the language learners.Among the three strategies,metacognitive strategy is higher than the other two strategies.

      According to the purpose of using the strategy,Cohen (1998) divides learning strategies into two types: strategies of learning language and strategies of using language.The former includes identification,differentiation,organization,repeated contact of materials,conscious memory and so on.The latter includes retrieval,rehearsal,cover up,communication strategies,etc.

      On the basis of the above categories,the fourth category is put forward by Wen Qiufang (1993) in her doctoral dissertation.She divides language learning strategy into management strategy and language learning strategy.Management strategies include the establishment of goals,planning,choice of strategies,self-monitoring,self-evaluation and self-adjustment.Language learning strategies are divided into traditional and non-traditional kinds.

      The above points of view are varies but they all admit that the choice and application of any learning strategy is the process of thinking and learning of language learners metacognition or self-cognition,which are crucial to language learning.

      3 Summary and Prospect

      There are still a lot of controversy on the learning strategies of the definition,classification,training and many other aspects.Meanwhile,there are also some areas needed to be improved,such as the studies on the learning strategies in different teaching environment,the research on the training strategies of learning strategies,the study of the special differences of Chinese as a second language,etc.And all of these are the direction of our further study.

      References

      [1]Chamot,A.The learning strategies of ESL students.In A.Wenden & J.Rubin (Eds.).Learner strategies in language learning[M].New York:Prentice Hall,1987:71-83.

      [2]Cohen.A.D.Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Languag[M].London:Longman,1998.

      [3]Ellis.R.The Study of Second Language Acquisition[M].Oxford University Press,1994.

      [4]Oxford,R.L.Language learning strategies:What every teacher should know[J].Boston: Heinle & Heinle,1990.

      [5]Rubin J.What the “good language learner” can teach us[J].TESOL Quarterly,1975(9):41-45.

      [6]Rubin J.Learner strategies:Theoretical assumptions,research history and typology[M].Wenden A,Rubin J.Learner strategies in Language Learning.Englewood Cliffs.NJ:Prentice Hall,1987:15-19.

      [7]文秋芳.大學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)策略變化的趨勢及其特點[J].外語教學(xué)與研究,1996,(4):43-46.

      猜你喜歡
      文秋芳大學(xué)外語教學(xué)
      從震旦到復(fù)旦:清末的外語教學(xué)與民族主義
      愛的吶喊
      Application of “Process Approach” in Middle School English Writing-Teaching
      An Analysis Study of how social school differs from cognitive school
      The Book Review of Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis
      速讀·中旬(2018年7期)2018-08-17 07:22:00
      大學(xué)女生的日常
      “Less Is More”在大學(xué)外語教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用
      The Study of Learning Strategies in L2 Acquisition
      爺爺?shù)募议L會
      厲害了,我的魔都姐妹
      新民周刊(2017年9期)2017-03-20 18:14:50
      玛沁县| 卢龙县| 镇宁| 阜南县| 嘉兴市| 锡林郭勒盟| 胶南市| 保山市| 威海市| 伊宁县| 闵行区| 河北区| 肥西县| 大埔区| 通河县| 镇安县| 拉萨市| 观塘区| 朝阳市| 昌图县| 外汇| 南江县| 韶山市| 高阳县| 惠来县| 衡山县| 天水市| 鄄城县| 南雄市| 新乐市| 嘉善县| 永福县| 红安县| 河间市| 乡城县| 新巴尔虎右旗| 称多县| 无极县| 昌黎县| 汕尾市| 浪卡子县|