摘要:眾所周知,作為高考英語中唯一的一道主觀題的寫作在我們高中的英語教學和高考中起著舉足輕重的作用,但是不幸的是,對于我們天祝藏區(qū)的高中生來說,在平時的訓練和考試中,尤其是在高考中寫出一篇好的作文卻是難上加難,結(jié)果導致在考試中得不到理想的成績,慢慢地就對英語學習失去了興趣。因此,怎樣幫助天祝藏區(qū)的高中學生寫好英語作文在我們的教學中起著重要的作用。下面就是我在十幾年的英語教學中和分析研究高考作文之后得出的幾點心得體會,與大家一起分享。
關鍵詞:英語作文;興趣;分享
一、 怎樣的作文算是一篇好的習作
我認為,一篇好的作文一般應該由三部分構(gòu)成:主題段(topic paragraph),支撐段(supporting paragraph)和結(jié)尾段(concluding paragraph)。在主題段(topic paragraph)中,我們應該寫出本篇文章的主題或者是寫作目的;在支撐段(supporting paragraph)中,我建議學生第一句或者最后一句寫成本段的中心句(topic sentence),后面的內(nèi)容就按照中心句展開,這樣就會讓看文章的人一眼就知道你的寫作目的;在結(jié)尾段(concluding paragraph)中,我們一般要表達我們自己的看法。下面舉兩個例子。
The first example: As is known to all, with the improvement of peoples living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life. However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
在這段文章中,第一句話是一個general statement,第二句話才是topic sentence.
The second example: Our school(beautiful, modern and big).
這篇文章怎么按照上面的建議去寫呢?我認為,這篇文章應該分為五段。第一段主題段(topic paragraph)應該寫...Our school is beautiful,modern and big。第二、三、四段是支撐段(supporting paragraph),我們應該在這三段的第一句就寫上每一段的中心句(topic sentence): Our school is wellknown for its beauty; Our school is a very modern one; Our school is really large,然后圍繞每一段的中心句進行具體的介紹。第五段是結(jié)尾段(concluding paragraph),表達自己的看法,Im proud of being a student of such a good school。
以下是我總結(jié)的用來表達自己觀點的一些常見的結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)I think/in my opinion(2)to sum up(3)Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that...(4)Thus, it can be concluded that...(5)From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that...(6)Therefore, we can find that...
二、 怎樣寫出一個好的段落
1. 一個好的段落應該由一個中心句(topic sentence)和若干支撐句(supporting sentences)組成,這樣的段落結(jié)構(gòu)看起來一目了然,不會因為結(jié)構(gòu)模糊失分。例如:
How can we solve the problems then? As far as Im concerned, bicycles are a good solution. For one thing, bicycles dont need any petrol and energysaving. For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas. Whats more, riding bicycles are a good way for is to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
在這一個段落中,第一句話就是中心句(topic sentence),其余的都是支撐句(supporting sentences)。
2. 一個好的段落應該有一些恰當?shù)倪B詞(proper linking words),把句子連接成一個段落,這樣就把本段中的所有句子都連成了一個整體,而不是獨立存在的句子,整體感十分明顯。例如:
How can we solve the problems then? As far as Im concerned, bicycles are a good solution. For one thing, bicycles dont need any petrol and energysaving. For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas. Whats more, riding bicycles are a good way for is to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
在這段文章中,加粗的部分就是連詞(proper linking words),合理使用恰當?shù)倪B詞會讓我們的作文看起來是一個整體而不是毫不相關的幾句話機械地堆在一起。
以下是我總結(jié)的一些常見的連詞(linking words):
(1)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally;(2)first, second, third, last;(3)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally;(4)first and foremost, besides, last but not least;(5)on the one hand, on the other hand;(6)for one thing, for another thing;(7)most important of all, moreover, finally.
3. 一個好的段落應該包括多樣的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和一些高級詞匯,而不是僅僅一些最基本的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和簡單的詞匯,這樣可以起到畫龍點睛的作用,容易吸引閱卷人的眼球,得到相對理想的分數(shù)。例如:
(1)比爾是一個小鎮(zhèn)上的律師,他說服他們解決了這個問題。這個句子有以下三種表達方式。
①僅僅使用簡單句:Bill is a lawyer in town. Joe persuaded them to settle the problem.
②使用非限制性定語從句表達:Bill, who is a lawyer in town, persuaded them to settle the problem.
③使用同位語進行表達:Bill, a lawyer in town, persuaded them to settle the problem.
以下三個句子中就使用了高級詞匯。
(2)這件事情挺難的。This is a challenging job.
(3)我們就會了解父母的辛苦工作。Well then know about parents hardship.
(4)這有助于我們學會節(jié)儉。This helps us learn to be thrifty.
當然,影響學生寫作的因素還有很多,比如說詞匯、句式結(jié)構(gòu)、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、書寫等等。因此,我們在平時的寫作教學中,一定要從各個方面入手,狠抓學生寫作水平,以便于在考試中可以得到理想的成績。
作者簡介:
王海斌,甘肅省武威市,甘肅省天祝縣第一中學。