摘要:桂林也在不斷建設(shè)成為國(guó)際旅游勝地,桂林旅游業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展必然會(huì)促使來(lái)華游客認(rèn)識(shí)和了解當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?,因此旅游翻譯就承擔(dān)起了文化傳播、旅游宣傳等交際活動(dòng)的主要角色。筆者便通過(guò)分析桂林景點(diǎn)介紹的英文翻譯來(lái)總結(jié)出其存在的問(wèn)題以及翻譯策略,從而使譯文更加規(guī)范、準(zhǔn)確、通順,更能吸引外國(guó)讀者的興趣。
關(guān)鍵詞:桂林旅游景點(diǎn)介紹;翻譯策略;文化傳播
1.桂林旅游景點(diǎn)介紹英譯存在的問(wèn)題
1.1 文化缺省
“文化缺省”這個(gè)概念是由王東風(fēng)《文化缺省與翻譯中的連貫重構(gòu)》一文中提出的。文化缺省指交際雙方有相同的文化背景,源語(yǔ)作者默認(rèn)讀者了解這一背景知識(shí),因而將其省略。在旅游景點(diǎn)介紹翻譯中,逐字逐句的翻譯很容易導(dǎo)致文化缺省。例如:獨(dú)秀峰、象鼻山和月牙池等景點(diǎn)名稱,中國(guó)人很容易理解,而有些翻譯僅僅將它們譯為Duxiu Peak, Xiangbi Hill and Yueya Pond,外國(guó)游客并不具備相關(guān)的文化背景知識(shí),這樣的譯文無(wú)法傳遞出真正的文化內(nèi)涵,因此產(chǎn)生文化缺省的問(wèn)題。
1.2 信息過(guò)載
譯文讀者對(duì)于原文文化信息接受程度明顯低于原文讀者在翻譯過(guò)程中,若將所涵蓋的信息全部譯出,會(huì)造成信息過(guò)載,從而使景點(diǎn)介紹十分枯燥冗長(zhǎng),不能達(dá)到很好的介紹景點(diǎn)、傳播文化的作用。
1.3 “散點(diǎn)”式英譯
中文在語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)上偏向于“散點(diǎn)”式,描寫(xiě)時(shí)講究語(yǔ)言的辭藻華麗、意境朦朧,傾向于讓讀者自己體會(huì),從而導(dǎo)致在描寫(xiě)景物時(shí)移步換景,沒(méi)有焦點(diǎn)。而英文與中文不同,講究寫(xiě)實(shí)、具體以及視角的連貫。筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)許多景點(diǎn)譯文不顧中英描寫(xiě)景物的差異,主語(yǔ)來(lái)回切換,不符合英文的行文習(xí)慣。
2.桂林景點(diǎn)介紹的英譯策略
2.1 增補(bǔ)相關(guān)信息
由于旅游景點(diǎn)介紹常常包含大量歷史時(shí)期等背景知識(shí),如果不增補(bǔ)具體時(shí)間的信息,外國(guó)讀者有可能產(chǎn)生理解上的偏差。
例1:廣西省政府舊址位于靖江王城內(nèi),是在靖江王府的基址上建設(shè)起來(lái)的。1936年廣西省政府由南寧遷桂林在此辦公??箲?zhàn)時(shí)期曾多次遭日軍飛機(jī)轟炸,建筑損毀嚴(yán)重。
景點(diǎn)譯文:The former site of Guangxi provincial government was located in the Jingjiang Prince City, and was moved from Nanning to Guilin and offices were carried out here. In the Anti-Japanese War, it was bombed by the Japanese planes and the buildings were badly damaged.
分析:“廣西省政府”是民國(guó)時(shí)期的叫法,應(yīng)補(bǔ)充具體的年代背景,避免使讀者混淆。筆者還用括號(hào)加上了“廣西壯族自治區(qū)”來(lái)區(qū)別過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在廣西政府的不同名稱。另外,原文是按照時(shí)間順序敘述的,在提到“抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期”時(shí)也應(yīng)當(dāng)加上具體的年份時(shí)間,使時(shí)間線更加清晰。
修改譯文:The former site of Guangxi Government (now Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reign ) is located in Jingjiang Imperial Mansion in the period of the Republic of China. Guangxi provincial government moved to Guilin from Nanning in 1936. During the Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945), the provincial buildings were bombed by Japanese planes many times and were greatly damaged.
2.2 省譯法
省譯法是在旅游文本中常見(jiàn)的一種翻譯策略。從譯文預(yù)期目的這個(gè)角度考慮,景點(diǎn)介紹英文翻譯是為了讓外國(guó)游客更好的了解中國(guó)的風(fēng)土人情。因此在翻譯過(guò)程中譯者可以考慮到源語(yǔ)與目的語(yǔ)之間的文化差異,酌情省去作用不大的次要信息,突出主要內(nèi)容。
例2:到了清代,王府改為廣西貢院,考出了585位進(jìn)士、4位狀元,還有一位中國(guó)科考?xì)v史上最后一位三元及第狀元,科舉成就位列全國(guó)第五。
景點(diǎn)譯文:In the Qing Dynasty, The king’s city was Guangxi Gongyuan, and 585 jinshi and four top scholars were admitted. There was also the last third and top three in the history of Chinese scientific research. The achievements of the imperial examination ranked the fifth in the country.
分析:此句是介紹歷史背景,其中包括了與科舉制度相關(guān)的名詞。如果進(jìn)行音譯,外國(guó)游客不能理解,如果展開(kāi)介紹則需要大量篇幅,造成信息過(guò)載。筆者認(rèn)為“進(jìn)士”、“狀元”和“三元及第狀元”都是為了引出“科舉成就位列全國(guó)第五”,那么進(jìn)行省譯刪減,只譯出這句話即可。
修改譯文:During Qing Dynasty, the imperial mansion served as Guangxi Gongyuan (the Guangxi Provincial Examination House). It’s achievements of Keju (the Imperial Examination) ranked fifth around the nation.
2.3 音譯加注釋
對(duì)于具有中國(guó)文化特色詞的翻譯,音譯可以體現(xiàn)出文化上的自信,但僅僅對(duì)其進(jìn)行音譯而不加以解釋則會(huì)造成信息缺失。采用音譯加注釋的方法則很好的解決了這一問(wèn)題。
例3:其南北長(zhǎng)555米,東西寬330米,基寬5.5米,高5.1米,用方整料石砌筑。東西南北辟有“體仁”“遵義”“端禮”“廣智”四城門(mén),其中端禮門(mén)為三券拱門(mén)。
景點(diǎn)譯文:The ancient wall stretches 555 meters from north to south, 300 meters from east to west; and it is 5.5 meters in width and 5.1 meters in height. Built of square stones, the wall is connected by four gates in all directions, namely the gates of Renti, Zunyi, Duanli and Guangzhi.
分析:譯文對(duì)原文理解的錯(cuò)誤,城墻不是由四個(gè)門(mén)連接起來(lái)的,而是在東南西北四個(gè)方向各有一個(gè)城門(mén)。四個(gè)城門(mén)的名字筆者認(rèn)為可以音譯,體現(xiàn)出文化自信,但還需要在后面用括號(hào)說(shuō)明四個(gè)詞的意思,否則也會(huì)存在文化缺省。
修改譯文:The wall stretches 555 meters from north to south, 300 meters from east to west; and it is 5.5 meters in width and 5.1 meters in height. Piled up by tons of square limestone, the wall has four entries in all directions, which were named by “Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi” (benevolence, loyalty,ceremony and wisdom).
2.4 改寫(xiě)法
為了讓譯文更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)信息傳遞的功能,譯者必須考慮到譯文讀者的語(yǔ)言行文習(xí)慣以及思維方式,對(duì)原文進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整和改寫(xiě)。
例4:位于獨(dú)秀峰東北麓,原有獨(dú)秀泉,明初因泉鑿池,形如月牙。池中曲欄水榭,池畔垂柳依依,為王府御園一景。
景點(diǎn)譯文:The Crescent Pond lies in the northeast of the Solitary Beauty Peak. This pond used to be a spring named Duxiu Spring. People in Ming Dynasty constructed this spring into crescent-shaped. There are corridors over the pond and waterside pavilions and weeping willows on both sides of the pond. This forms a special view in the Imperial Garden.
分析:譯文照搬原文,十分生硬,是中文的散點(diǎn)思維,不符合英語(yǔ)的行文習(xí)慣,同時(shí)還對(duì)原文內(nèi)容理解有誤。“月牙池”和“獨(dú)秀泉”是兩個(gè)不同的事物,譯文將二者等同。主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該鎖定“the Crescent Pond”,與其相關(guān)的景點(diǎn)或歷史信息應(yīng)該處理為附加成分。譯文中主語(yǔ)指代不明,一句一個(gè)不同的主語(yǔ),沒(méi)有視點(diǎn)連貫的意識(shí)。
修改譯文:Yueya Pond (Crescent Pond) nestles against the northeast foot of the Duxiu Peak (Solitary Beauty Peak). It was dug in Ming Dynasty to contain the Duxiu Spring (Solitary Beauty Spring) flowed from the peak. It has a shape of crescent and was named after that. The soft breeze stirs the leaves on willows around Crescent Pond, forming a wonderful scene in the backyard.
總結(jié)
旅游景點(diǎn)介紹的英譯是集宣傳與文化介紹為一體的二次創(chuàng)作,譯者要考慮到外國(guó)游客的語(yǔ)言和思維特點(diǎn)、中外文化差異以及譯文所期望達(dá)到的效果。在忠實(shí)傳達(dá)原文信息的同時(shí),適當(dāng)?shù)脑黾?、刪減信息,重新排列信息的順序,使譯文更好的達(dá)意,喚起譯文讀者的閱讀興趣。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 劉愛(ài)萍.桂林旅游景區(qū)(點(diǎn))英譯存在的問(wèn)題及應(yīng)對(duì)策略[J].旅游論壇,2014,7(03):82-87.
[2] 王東風(fēng).文化缺省與翻譯中的連貫重構(gòu)[J].外國(guó)語(yǔ), 1997(6): 55-56.
[3] 吳昊.張家界旅游景點(diǎn)介紹的英文翻譯問(wèn)題[J].邊疆經(jīng)濟(jì)與文化,2006(02):12-14.
[4] 朱益平.論旅游翻譯中文化差異的處理[J].西北大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2005(03):159-164.
作者簡(jiǎn)介:
徐楚(1997),女,漢,河南省襄城縣,碩士,廣西師范大學(xué),在讀翻譯碩士