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      立足單元內(nèi)容提升寫作能力

      2016-07-27 11:03:03張強韓子傳
      關(guān)鍵詞:高三復(fù)習(xí)

      張強+韓子傳

      摘 要:高三復(fù)習(xí)階段學(xué)生英語寫作能力的訓(xùn)練,可以以復(fù)習(xí)單元的內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ),在單元復(fù)習(xí)中滲透寫作能力的鍛煉,將單元話題與高考寫作相融合,從而提高學(xué)生的英語寫作能力。

      關(guān)鍵詞:高三復(fù)習(xí);單元內(nèi)容;話題寫作

      《普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實驗)》在課程目標(biāo)中提出,高中英語課程應(yīng)強調(diào)在進一步發(fā)展學(xué)生綜合語言運用能力的基礎(chǔ)上,著重提高學(xué)生用英語獲取信息、處理信息、分析問題和解決問題的能力,并提高學(xué)生用英語進行思維和表達(dá)的能力[1]。然而,在進入高三后,很多教師都會困惑于如何把新課程理念同高三的復(fù)習(xí)結(jié)合起來。首先,由于高三復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)重、時間緊,使得很多教師在復(fù)習(xí)中不停趕進度,課堂出現(xiàn)滿堂灌現(xiàn)象。其次,在頻繁的考試影響下,很多教師把應(yīng)試能力和實際語言運用能力當(dāng)作兩個對立面。為求短期的分?jǐn)?shù),本末倒置,削弱了對語言實際運用能力的操練。再則,不少教師把高三復(fù)習(xí)等同于知識點的回顧,不注重知識點積累和寫作能力的銜接過渡。為此,我們在高三復(fù)習(xí)時嘗試以單元內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ),在單元復(fù)習(xí)中滲透語言運用能力訓(xùn)練,最后把單元復(fù)習(xí)和高考寫作相結(jié)合,來提高學(xué)生的英語寫作能力。下面,以一節(jié)借班上課的公開課為例,探討在高三單元復(fù)習(xí)中如何立足單元內(nèi)容提升學(xué)生的寫作能力。

      一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析

      教學(xué)內(nèi)容為NSEFC Book 8 Unit 3 Cloning。這個單元的中心話題是克隆,具體涉及了什么是克隆、克隆的可能性、克隆羊多莉是如何誕生的、克隆的利弊等。因此,理解這個單元需要一定的科學(xué)知識。該單元的主要語法知識是同位語從句。

      二、教學(xué)實施過程

      (一)在輕松氣氛中導(dǎo)入話題

      在師生簡單問候之后,教師先后拋出兩個問題。

      Question 1: I hear that the students in this class are very friendly. Is it true?

      Question 2: Will you make friends with me?

      (在得到學(xué)生的肯定回答后)

      T: As we are friends now, I would like to introduce one of my friends to you. He is Mr B. He has something to tell you.

      (教師呈現(xiàn)一個簡短而有趣的flash。阿B是里面的人物,他用中文配合漫畫介紹了什么是克隆)

      【設(shè)計說明】利用師生之間互不認(rèn)識所造成的信息差,以學(xué)生是否friendly展開話題。經(jīng)過問答,學(xué)生在潛意識里認(rèn)為老師覺得他們是friendly,所以會開心地給予肯定的回答。后面的flash形象生動,自然導(dǎo)入到了這個單元的話題。

      (二)在語言復(fù)現(xiàn)中展開運用

      T: Mr B has told you something about clone. But can you tell me more about it, since we have learned it before.

      (給學(xué)生一兩分鐘的準(zhǔn)備時間,然后讓學(xué)生講述關(guān)于克隆的知識)

      T: You really learned well. So according to what you learned, please fill in the blanks.

      Cloning is a way of making an e________ copy of another animal or plant. However, cloning plants d________ greatly from cloning animals. The former one is s_________, while the latter one is complicated. In 1996, there was a b_________—the cloning of Dolly.

      But Dolly only lived for six years, which made the scientists feel c________ down. Dollys appearance had a great i________ on the world. Some people suggest extinct animals be b_______ back to life by cloning.

      As for cloning human beings, governments are nervous and c_________. Religious leaders are worried about some m________ questions that may be raised. Some evil leaders want to a_______ their ambitions by cloning themselves.

      (答案:exact; differs; simple; breakthrough; cast; impact; brought; conservative; moral; attain)

      (學(xué)生填完并校對后)

      T: Do you want to clone yourselves, if possible? Why?

      (幾個學(xué)生給出自己的想法)

      T: You have different ideas. But if I have a chance, I will clone myself. I will show you my reasons. Look at the passage, which one in the brackets should I choose? Give your reasons.

      I do not (object to; against; opposed to) cloning myself. A clone of myself can help a lot. “He” can clean my car and keep it (in; on) good condition when I am busy; if I want to (join; join in) my colleagues who are playing basketball, “he” can help to teach in the classroom, and I neednt (pay for; pay off) his work; when something unexpected and dangerous (happens; takes place), I will send my clone to deal with it. Of course I must forbid him (do; to do) anything illegal, or “he” will be bound to (cause; causing) trouble.

      【設(shè)計說明】以上教學(xué)首先是讓學(xué)生回到課本中,然后通過講述克隆知識和“我”的觀點,既整理復(fù)習(xí)了課文知識,又使得這些語言知識得到了運用。并在最后一步中,要求學(xué)生說出括號中的詞匯用法的區(qū)別,處理了一些比較重要詞匯的辨析。

      T: This is my opinion about cloning. Since we are friends, I want to tell you more about myself. OK?

      Ss: OK.

      T: Now I would like to tell you a wonderful dream I made the other day. Can you guess what I dreamt about?

      (學(xué)生給出各種猜測,然后教師呈現(xiàn)一張?zhí)幚磉^的自己的照片)

      T: I was cloned in the dream. Now please translate the sentences and let me share the story.

      1.我最喜歡的事是打籃球(what; adore)。

      2.我有一些一起打籃球的朋友(who)。

      3.一天,他們告訴我將不再和我一起玩(that)。

      4.我不知道他們?yōu)槭裁磿蝗徊幌矚g我(idea)。

      5.后來,我發(fā)現(xiàn)是我的克隆在昨天的比賽中作弊(the truth)。

      6.但是我的朋友們并不相信我說的事實(the truth)。

      7.我的克隆昨天做的事情讓我非常難過(what)。

      (參考答案:1.What I adore most is playing basketball. 2.I have some friends with whom I often play basketball together. 3.One day, they tell me that they would not play with me any longer. 4.I have no idea why they dislike me suddenly. 5.Later, I find the truth that my clone cheated in yesterdays game. 6.But my friends do not believe the truth that I tell them. 7.What my clone did yesterday makes me very upset.)

      【設(shè)計說明】在以上教學(xué)中,教師把學(xué)生的注意力慢慢從課本轉(zhuǎn)移到教師身上,但是話題沒變,依然是克隆。學(xué)生通過翻譯來復(fù)習(xí)同位語從句,有利于提升學(xué)生的語法實際運用能力。在翻譯其中一些句子的時候,教師要求學(xué)生講出是什么從句,與其他句子有什么區(qū)別。例如,考慮到不少學(xué)生對定語從句和同位語從句中關(guān)系詞的異同感到困惑,我們要求他們說出第3句和第5、6句中that的區(qū)別。

      (三)在寫作練習(xí)中提升能力

      T: Unexpected things will happen when one is cloned. What unexpected things do you think may happen especially when one of these people is cloned?

      (幻燈片上呈現(xiàn)六個人的照片:毛澤東、希特勒、孔子、愛因斯坦、劉翔以及他們的班主任)

      T: Now work in groups of three, and make a short story about what may happen if one of them is cloned. Try to use the words and phrases in this unit, at least five. And pay attention to the grammatical structure.

      (三四分鐘后,幾組學(xué)生派代表把小故事講出來)

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