李明會
摘 要: 本文從如下三個方面闡述了動詞不定式-ing和不定式的區(qū)別:只能使用動詞-ing形式而不能使用不定式的情況,只能使用不定式而不能使用動詞-ing的情形,既能使用不定式又能使用-ing的情況,以便讓學(xué)生完全掌握動詞-ing和動詞不定式的區(qū)別。
關(guān)鍵詞: 大學(xué)英語 動詞-ing 不定式 比較
動詞-ing和動詞不定式都屬于非謂語,往往是學(xué)生難以掌握的語法點(diǎn),筆者從以下三個方面進(jìn)行講解。
一、在某些情況下只能用動詞的-ing形式而不能用不定式。
1.有些動詞能直接帶-ing形式作它的賓語,而不能帶不定式,如:admit,advise,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,favor,finish,imagine,involve,keep,mind,miss,postpone,practice,resist,risk,suggest等。Eg:
We are considering opening a new office in Beijing.
我們正考慮在北京開設(shè)一家新的辦事處。
Be quiet!He has not finished speaking.安靜!他還沒有說完呢。
I enjoy playing tennis.我喜歡打網(wǎng)球。
2.有些短語動詞后通常跟-ing形式,如:give up,put off,keep on ,carry on,cant help,feel like等。Eg:
You ought to give up smoking.你應(yīng)該戒煙。
I will have to put off going until next week.
我不得不把行程推遲到下星期。
I cant help thinking he knows more than he has told us.
我不禁想到他知道的遠(yuǎn)比告訴我們的要多。
3.有些結(jié)構(gòu)通常要求使用-ing短語,如:its no use doing sth.,its no good doing sth.,have difficulty doing sth.,have trouble doing sth.,spend/waste time doing sth.,theres no point (in) doing sth.,its a waste of time/money doing sth.等。Eg:
Im sure you will have no difficulty passing the examination.
我敢肯定你考試及格沒問題。
Theres no point (in) buying a car if you dont want to drive.
如果你不想開車,買車就沒有意義了。
Its no good asking Tom to help you.叫湯姆幫助你是沒有的。
二、在某些情況下只能使用不定式而不能使用動詞的-ing形式。
1.有些動詞能帶不定式 作它們的賓語,而不能帶-ing形式,如:agree,choose,decide,expect,hope,plan,prepare,learn,refuse,wish,fail,manage,neglect,offer,promise,threaten等。Eg:
Making history in my family is yet another important thing I hope to gain from my college education.
在我的家庭中創(chuàng)造歷史 是我希望 從 大學(xué) 教育中得到的又一樣重要的東西。
From a college education I plan to purse higher learning,to begin a career and to make history in my family.
我計劃從 大學(xué)教育中追求更高深的知識,開始一種職業(yè)生涯并在我的家庭中創(chuàng)造歷史。
One must learn to do such things as applying math skills as well as being responsible and independent.
一個人不僅要 學(xué)會 如何應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)技能,還要成為負(fù)責(zé)、獨(dú)立的人。
He promised to keep the secret.他承諾保守秘密。
We tend to get caught up in everyday business and concerns and forget some of the things that are most important.
我們往往被日常事務(wù)纏住而忘記一些最為重要的事情。
2.有些動詞后面常跟“賓語+不定式”,這些動詞包括allow,advise,ask,cause,consider,enable,encourage,force,invite,order,show,teach,tell等。Eg:
Though in great pain,he forced himself to exercise daily and finally took a few painful steps.
雖然疼痛難熬,但他仍然強(qiáng)迫自己每天鍛煉,最后終于痛苦地走了幾步。
We invited Miss Smith to attend our party.
我們邀請了史密斯小姐來參加我們的晚會。
Learning allows us to be familiar with our environment and every in it ,and it allows us to maintain assurance of ourselves.
學(xué)習(xí)讓我們熟悉我們的環(huán)境和環(huán)境中的每一個人,它讓我們對自己保存信心。
Our teacher encourages us to speak English whenever theres a chance.
我們的 老師鼓勵我們一有機(jī)會就講英語。
3.有些動詞后面可以跟“疑問詞(WH-word)+不定式”,這些動詞包括ask,explain,imagine,learn,understand,deide,forget,know,remember,wonder等。Eg:
I didnt know what to call him.我當(dāng)時不知道該怎樣稱呼他.
She had forgotten how to do it. 她已忘記如何做了。
Its up to you to decide where to have the party.由你決定在哪里聚會。
4.有些動詞后面可以跟“賓語+疑問詞+不定式”,這些動詞包括ask,remind,show,teach,tell等。Eg:
I asked him what to do. 我問他該怎么辦。
Well show her how to use the dictionary.我們會教她如何使用這本詞典。
Our teacher taught us how to write personal letters in English.
我們的老師教過我們怎樣用英語寫私人信件。
三、在某些情況下既能使用不定式,又能使用動詞-ing形式,但有時兩種形式所表達(dá)的意義是有差別的。
1.下面的動詞后用不定式或用-ing形式作賓語,意義上幾乎無差別:begin,start,prefer,continue,但當(dāng)這些動詞用于進(jìn)行時的時候,后面一般用不定。Eg:
She started to cry.=She started crying.
They continued to talk.=They continued talking.
I didnt begin to read the book until she came in.
=I didnt begin to read the book until she came in .
Its starting/beginning to rain.(不用:Its starting/ beginning raining.)
2.下面的一些動詞后用不定式或用-ing形式作賓語,在意義上是有差別的:remember,forget,regret,try,mean。Eg:
He has forgotten to meet her.他忘了要去見她。(表示要發(fā)生的動作)
He has forgotten meeting her last year.(表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作)
He tried to learn Japanese.他試圖學(xué)習(xí)日語。(想做某事)
He tried learning Japanese.他試著學(xué)習(xí)日語。(嘗試做某事)
3.go on,stop 后跟不定式和跟-ing形式在意義上也是有區(qū)別的。Eg:
After reading the text,the teacher went on to explain the new words.
讀完課文后,老師接著解釋生詞。(接下去做另一件事)
He said nothing but just went on working.
他什么也沒說,只是繼續(xù)干活。(繼續(xù)做同一件事)
They stopped to take a few pictures.他們停下來拍了幾張照片。(停下來去做另一件事)
They stopped taking pictures.他們停止了照相。 (停止做某事)
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]翟象俊,陳永捷,余建中,梁正溜主編.21世紀(jì)大學(xué)實(shí)用英語(第2版)綜合教程 1.
[2]翟象俊,陳永捷,余建中,梁正溜主編.21世紀(jì)大學(xué)實(shí)用英語(第2版)綜合教程 2.
[3]翟象俊,陳永捷,余建中,梁正溜主編.21世紀(jì)大學(xué)實(shí)用英語(第2版)綜合教程 3.
[4]翟象俊,陳永捷,余建中,梁正溜主編.21世紀(jì)大學(xué)實(shí)用英語(第2版)綜合教程 4.