【摘要】如何更好地通過(guò)對(duì)學(xué)科哲學(xué)教與學(xué)兩法則的解讀和實(shí)踐,利用課文文本,而不是僅僅通過(guò)單純的作文講評(píng)課來(lái)幫助學(xué)生提高寫(xiě)作能力,幫助教師和學(xué)生通過(guò)求新求變求道法,實(shí)現(xiàn)樂(lè)思樂(lè)學(xué)樂(lè)收獲,已然成為考驗(yàn)教師基本功的一項(xiàng)重要要求。下面筆者以北師大版高中英語(yǔ)教材為范本,融合普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)寫(xiě)作的要求,對(duì)不同模塊的課文文本進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步加工和解讀,做到從實(shí)際出發(fā),因材施教,從而切切實(shí)實(shí)幫助學(xué)生提升寫(xiě)作能力。
【關(guān)鍵詞】學(xué)科哲學(xué);教與學(xué);課文文本;寫(xiě)作;仿寫(xiě)
【作者簡(jiǎn)介】陳安妮,福建省晉江市第一中學(xué)英語(yǔ)組。
學(xué)科哲學(xué)的教與學(xué)兩法則即求新求變求道法,樂(lè)學(xué)樂(lè)思樂(lè)收獲,在對(duì)課文文本的教學(xué)中有著重要的理論指導(dǎo)和實(shí)踐引領(lǐng)。筆者將教與學(xué)兩法則理論結(jié)合英語(yǔ)課文文本的解讀,實(shí)現(xiàn)了幫助學(xué)生寫(xiě)作能力提升的樂(lè)收獲,即基于課文文本,實(shí)現(xiàn)讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合。讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合方式其實(shí)是對(duì)課文文本的進(jìn)一步加工,并且結(jié)合一定主題來(lái)創(chuàng)設(shè)出一篇新的作文,既可以幫助學(xué)生更好地理解課文文本,更能實(shí)現(xiàn)在寫(xiě)作上的質(zhì)的飛躍。下面介紹三種不同方式的基于課文文本的讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合。
一、通過(guò)提煉課文文本的內(nèi)容和重要句型
參考課文北師大版Lesson4 Virtual Tourism Unit4, Module2. 首先,老師從課文文本中提取文章的一些相關(guān)信息和內(nèi)容。
Location/Features/History/ Population/Famous sights/Climate
然后,讓學(xué)生合作從課文中找出描述一個(gè)地方所需要的句型。如:1. …is located on….2…is the …largest city in…3. .…is an important centre for industry / business 4…is also the most exciting city with people of ….5 …..is called … because…6. The history of the city goes back …..years when …7. …was the …for some time.8. It has a population of 9. Famous sights include …as well as….10. It has a ….climate with…and the average temperature is…11. Since…, the city of …h(huán)as grown and it now…
接著,通過(guò)相同的分類(lèi)方式,讓學(xué)生先翻譯相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,再根據(jù)課文文本中的句型,套用到一篇完整的作文里。
Location:位于福建省東南部;features:1. 福建省第三大城市,這個(gè)沿海城市是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。2. 著名的文化古城,住著各種文化的人民。History:1. 歷史追溯到一千三百年前;2. 有一段時(shí)間是中國(guó)最大的對(duì)外貿(mào)易港口。Population:超過(guò)780萬(wàn)人;Famous sights:包括清源山, 老君巖和開(kāi)元寺;climate:溫暖而潮濕,平均溫度20.6攝氏度。
最后,給出一個(gè)描寫(xiě)家鄉(xiāng)的題目,生成一篇完整的作文。
二、通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)課文文本的文章結(jié)構(gòu)
參考課文Lesson1 Tomorrows World Unit4, Module2.首先,學(xué)生先閱讀課文文本,確定文章體裁,再找出各段的關(guān)鍵句。如:該文本體裁為議論文,關(guān)鍵句如下:Paragraph1: In the last thirty years, the internet has grown rapidly; Paragraph2: Some experts are pessimistic about the future;Paragraph3: However, many people are optimistic about the future of the internet;Paragraph4: Some experts see out future in virtual reality.
然后,老師與學(xué)生共同得出議論文的文章結(jié)構(gòu)。Paragraph1: background of the topic;Paragraph2: some supporting ideas;Paragraph3: some opposing ideas;Paragraph4: your own ideas or attitude
最后,給出一個(gè)議論文的題目,讓學(xué)生利用這種結(jié)構(gòu),生成一篇完整的作文。
With the development of material prosperity, advertisements have become more and more important in our daily life. Some people believe that advertisements can be a service to the customers while others think they do more harm than good, and what is your opinion about the ads?
三、通過(guò)對(duì)課文文本的縮寫(xiě)
參考課文Lesson1 Get Ahead with Your English Unit19, Module7. 首先,幫助學(xué)生理解課文文本內(nèi)容及其隱含的各種信息,然后提煉出關(guān)鍵信息,最后,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息對(duì)文章進(jìn)行縮寫(xiě)。如下:
Many people predicted in the 1700s that English would be the global language one day, which proved to be the case. With the growing international companies and the great advances in communications, more and more people tend to learn English as the second language. Sadly, most of the English learners can not live in the native country, which means we can only depend on our school resources.
So teachers have to create a rich language environment, which can be conveyed to students through various mediums. Since extra-curricular work may enlarge language learning, here are some suggestions to English learners: setting achievable targets; listening to English songs; watching English DVD; studying with your friends; and rewarding yourself. Please remember to stay dedicated.
讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合是新的課程改革要求下,能體現(xiàn)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的一種有效學(xué)習(xí)方式。只要文本具有趣味性、多元化,并且符合學(xué)生生活的實(shí)際情況,都可以進(jìn)行讀寫(xiě)結(jié)合。在課文文本與學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的各方面能力提升關(guān)系中,通過(guò)對(duì)教與學(xué)兩法則的反復(fù)研讀和實(shí)踐,可以探索出更變更新的道法,實(shí)現(xiàn)教師和學(xué)生多學(xué)多思多收獲的最終目的。