洪燕玲 張麗珍 呂魏瀟 劉偉玲
[摘要] 目的 探討有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)晚期肺癌伴癌癥相關(guān)性乏力患者睡眠質(zhì)量的影響。 方法 選取2018年1月至2019年12月浙江省麗水市中心醫(yī)院門診治療的晚期肺癌伴癌癥相關(guān)性乏力患者84例,隨機(jī)分為兩組各42例。對(duì)照組予常規(guī)干預(yù),干預(yù)組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上加有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù),兩組均干預(yù)8周。評(píng)估兩組干預(yù)前后癌癥相關(guān)性乏力癥狀、睡眠障礙和生活質(zhì)量改善情況,比較臨床療效。結(jié)果 干預(yù)8周后,兩組Piper疲乏評(píng)分明顯下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組下降幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著(P<0.05); 兩組PSQI評(píng)分較干預(yù)前顯著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組下降幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著(P<0.05);兩組SQLI評(píng)分較干預(yù)前顯著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組上升幅度較對(duì)照組更顯著(P<0.05)。干預(yù)組患者的臨床總有效率為95.24%,明顯高于對(duì)照組的80.95%(χ2=4.092,P<0.05)。結(jié)論? 有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)治療晚期肺癌伴癌癥相關(guān)性乏力患者的療效肯定,不僅能明顯改善癌癥相關(guān)性乏力癥狀,而且能改善睡眠質(zhì)量,從而提高患者的生活質(zhì)量。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 晚期肺癌;癌癥相關(guān)性乏力;有氧運(yùn)動(dòng);睡眠質(zhì)量
[中圖分類號(hào)] R473? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2022)07-0174-04
Effect of aerobic exercise on sleep quality of advanced lung cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue
HONG Yanling ZHANG Lizhen LV Weixiao LIU Weiling
Department of Respiratory Radiotherapy, Lishui Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on sleep quality of advanced lung cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue. Methods A total of 84 patients with advanced lung cancer with cancer-related fatigue who were treated with outpatient treatment in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were randomly divided into two groups, with 42 patients in each group. The control group was given routine intervention, and the intervention group was added with aerobic exercise intervention on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The symptoms of cancer-related fatigue, sleep disturbance and improvement of quality of life were evaluated before and after intervention in the two groups, and the clinical efficacy was compared. Results After 8 weeks of intervention, Piper fatigue scores in both groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the decrease in the intervention group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). PSQI scores in the two groups were significantly decrease compared with those before intervention (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and those in the intervention group were decreased more significantly compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). The clinical total effective rate of the intervention group patients was 95.24%,which was higher than that of? (80.95%) in the control group (χ2=4.092, P<0.05). Conclusion Aerobic exercise is effective in treating advanced lung cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue. It can not only significantly relieve the symptoms of cancer-related fatigue, but also improve sleep quality, so as to improve the quality of life of patients.
[Key words] Advanced lung cancer; Cancer-related fatigue; Aerobic exercise; Sleep quality
肺癌是一種常見(jiàn)呼吸系統(tǒng)的惡性腫瘤,臨床上的發(fā)病率較高,嚴(yán)重威脅患者的身心健康[1-2]。癌癥相關(guān)性乏力是由于癌癥或癌癥治療引起一種主觀自覺(jué)感受的體力、精神與心理上的疲勞感,干擾了正常的身體機(jī)能,不能通過(guò)休息得到緩解,影響患者的睡眠,導(dǎo)致患者睡眠質(zhì)量下降,而睡眠障礙是引起癌癥相關(guān)性乏力的重要因素,兩者相互影響,形成惡性循環(huán)[3-4]。有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)是一種低強(qiáng)度且富韻律性的運(yùn)動(dòng),近年來(lái)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),其對(duì)晚期腫瘤伴癌癥相關(guān)性乏力患者的睡眠質(zhì)量具有一定的改善作用,但其用于晚期肺癌患者國(guó)內(nèi)外報(bào)道較少[5-6]。本研究總結(jié)了有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)改善晚期肺癌伴癌癥相關(guān)性乏力患者睡眠質(zhì)量的作用,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取2018年1月至2019年12月浙江省麗水市中心醫(yī)院呼吸放療科治療的晚期肺癌伴癌癥相關(guān)性乏力患者84例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]:①符合2015年《中國(guó)原發(fā)性肺癌診療規(guī)范》中的晚期肺癌診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8],且TNM分期為Ⅲ~Ⅳ期;②Piper疲乏量表(the revised piper fatigue scale, PFS)≥3分;③患者意識(shí)清楚,認(rèn)知功能正常。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]:①既往合并其他部位的腫瘤;②存在影響睡眠質(zhì)量的疾病;③文盲、認(rèn)知功能障礙及溝通交流障礙者。應(yīng)用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為兩組,每組各42例。兩組一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見(jiàn)表1。本研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審批通過(guò),納入患者均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組予常規(guī)干預(yù),包括健康教育、飲食干預(yù)、心理干預(yù)、運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)和用藥干預(yù)等。干預(yù)組在此基礎(chǔ)上加有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù),先向患者詳細(xì)介紹有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及方法,鼓勵(lì)患者積極配合并堅(jiān)持運(yùn)動(dòng)。后根據(jù)患者自身的具體情況,選擇步行、打太極拳、有氧健身操或騎自行車等低強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)心率達(dá)到120~140次/min,運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間約30 min/次,運(yùn)動(dòng)頻3~5次/周。兩組均干預(yù)8周。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
評(píng)估并比較兩組干預(yù)前后癌癥相關(guān)性乏力癥狀、睡眠障礙和生活質(zhì)量改善的情況,比較其臨床療效。
1.3.1 癌癥相關(guān)性乏力癥狀評(píng)估? 采用Piper疲乏評(píng)分量表評(píng)估,分?jǐn)?shù)越低表明癌癥相關(guān)性乏力癥狀越輕[10]。
1.3.2 睡眠狀況評(píng)價(jià)? 采用匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)評(píng)估[11],總分21分,分?jǐn)?shù)越低表明睡眠質(zhì)量程度越好。
1.3.3 生活質(zhì)量評(píng)估? 采用Spitzer生活質(zhì)量指數(shù)(Spitzer Quality of Life Index,SQLI)評(píng)價(jià)[12],總分10分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高表明生活質(zhì)量越好。
1.3.4 療效評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)? 顯效:干預(yù)后CRF癥狀基本消失或較前顯著好轉(zhuǎn),Piper疲乏評(píng)分較前較前顯著,且下降幅度≥50%;有效:干預(yù)后CRF癥狀較前有所好轉(zhuǎn),Piper疲乏評(píng)分較前有所下降,且下降幅度<50%;無(wú)效:未達(dá)上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[13]??傆行О@效和有效。
1.4? 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
選取SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者干預(yù)前后Piper疲乏評(píng)分比較
干預(yù)前兩組Piper疲乏評(píng)分比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)8周后,兩組Piper疲乏評(píng)分較干預(yù)前顯著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組下降值較對(duì)照組更顯著(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 兩組患者干預(yù)前后PSQI評(píng)分和SQLI評(píng)分比較
干預(yù)前兩組PSQI評(píng)分和SQLI評(píng)分比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)8周后,兩組PSQI評(píng)分較干預(yù)前顯著下降,SQLI評(píng)分顯著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干預(yù)組變化值較對(duì)照組更顯著(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
2.3兩組干預(yù)后療效比較
干預(yù)8周后,干預(yù)組臨床總有效率為95.24%,明顯高于對(duì)照組的80.95%(χ2=4.092,P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。
3討論
癌癥相關(guān)性乏力是指癌癥或癌癥治療引起的一種擾亂機(jī)體正常功能的主觀不良感覺(jué),包括周身乏力、注意力不集中、失眠、嗜睡或焦慮煩躁等癥狀,難以通過(guò)休息及睡眠得到有效的緩解,對(duì)患者的正常生理和心理活動(dòng)影響較明顯[14-15]。癌癥相關(guān)性乏力可干擾人體正常的生理機(jī)能,導(dǎo)致生物鐘紊亂,引起患者睡眠障礙。研究已證實(shí)嚴(yán)重的睡眠障礙不僅可影響患者的心理健康和身體健康,而且加重患者癌癥相關(guān)性疲乏癥狀[16-17]。因此,癌癥相關(guān)性乏力與睡眠障礙是一個(gè)相互作用的惡性循環(huán),對(duì)患者病情康復(fù)影響較大[18-19]。故在晚期肺癌伴癌癥相關(guān)性乏力的治療中,不僅要重視改善患者的癌癥相關(guān)性疲乏癥狀,還應(yīng)重視患者的睡眠質(zhì)量,從而提高治療效果。
有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)是指人體在氧氣充分供應(yīng)的情況下進(jìn)行的體育鍛煉。即在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中,人體吸入的攝氧量和需氧量處于相對(duì)平衡狀態(tài),達(dá)到生理上的平衡狀態(tài)。有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)是目前治療癌癥相關(guān)性乏力最為推薦的一種主動(dòng)干預(yù)方式,是一種低強(qiáng)度且富韻律性的運(yùn)動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)期間需調(diào)動(dòng)主要大肌群、循環(huán)系統(tǒng)、呼吸系統(tǒng)、內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)、消化系統(tǒng)等全身各大系統(tǒng)參與,能提高血氧含量,促進(jìn)血液循環(huán)促進(jìn)新陳代謝,保證組織器官血液的供給[20-21];能加快機(jī)體的新陳代謝,減輕患者因肌力下降導(dǎo)的疼痛、肢體僵硬和功能衰退,促進(jìn)體力狀況的恢復(fù),減輕疲乏癥狀[22-23];還能使調(diào)控情緒的腦神經(jīng)區(qū)域得到激活,刺激垂體促進(jìn)β-內(nèi)啡肽釋放,興奮腦神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),改善患者的心理及精神狀態(tài),產(chǎn)生愉快感并松弛肌肉,改善疲乏癥狀[24-25]。本研究示干預(yù)8周后,干預(yù)組Piper疲乏評(píng)分和PSQI評(píng)分下降值、SQLI評(píng)分上升值與對(duì)照組治療后比較更顯著,且干預(yù)組患者的臨床總有效率明顯高于對(duì)照組,提示有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)治療晚期肺癌伴癌癥相關(guān)性乏力患者的效果肯定,不僅能明顯改善癌癥相關(guān)性乏力癥狀,而且能改善睡眠質(zhì)量,從而提高患者的生活質(zhì)量。推測(cè)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)作為一種低強(qiáng)度且富韻律性的運(yùn)動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)能通過(guò)調(diào)動(dòng)全身各大系統(tǒng)參與,不僅能加快機(jī)體的新陳代謝,促使患者身心和精神恢復(fù)平衡,而且可提高動(dòng)脈血氧含量和增加重要臟器的血供,改善重要器官的功能,從而改善疲乏癥狀,是的大腦皮層的興奮性下降,促進(jìn)患者的入睡,提升睡眠的深度,提高睡眠質(zhì)量;而睡眠質(zhì)量的改善發(fā)過(guò)來(lái)可激活中樞神經(jīng)神經(jīng)區(qū)域,促進(jìn)腦垂體分泌β-內(nèi)啡肽,減輕緊張情緒,緩解乏力癥狀。
總之,有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)用于晚期肺癌伴癌癥相關(guān)性乏力患者的療效確切,不僅能明顯改善癌癥相關(guān)性乏力癥狀,而且能改善睡眠質(zhì)量,從而提高患者的生活質(zhì)量。但本研究納入的病例數(shù)較少且干預(yù)時(shí)間偏短,必要時(shí)增加病例數(shù)及延長(zhǎng)干預(yù)時(shí)間進(jìn)行深入探討。
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(收稿日期:2020-11-24)