張帆
[關(guān)鍵詞]初中英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué);三維目標(biāo);情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀;德育學(xué)科滲透
2021年國(guó)家教育部頒發(fā)《改革綱要》中明確提出:國(guó)家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是教材編寫、教學(xué)、評(píng)估和考試命題的依據(jù),是國(guó)家管理和評(píng)價(jià)課程的基礎(chǔ),應(yīng)體現(xiàn)國(guó)家對(duì)不同階段的學(xué)生在知識(shí)與技能、過(guò)程與方法、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀等方面的基本要求。后總結(jié)為教育教學(xué)過(guò)程中應(yīng)該達(dá)到的三個(gè)目標(biāo)維度,即:知識(shí)與技能(Knowledge & skills);過(guò)程與方法(Process & steps );情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀(emotional attitude & values)。“三維目標(biāo)”是一個(gè)教學(xué)目標(biāo)的三個(gè)方面,而不是三個(gè)獨(dú)立的教學(xué)目標(biāo),它們是統(tǒng)一的不可分割的整體。
英語(yǔ)學(xué)科作為貫穿基礎(chǔ)教育始終的重要學(xué)科,對(duì)學(xué)生的情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀,即德育教育,有著重要的作用。目前,英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中存在著“重智育輕德育、重知識(shí)輕道德實(shí)踐”的現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致德育滲透儀式不強(qiáng),方法過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單,甚至認(rèn)為德育是班主任的工作,科任教師只負(fù)責(zé)傳授學(xué)科知識(shí),這些錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)會(huì)導(dǎo)致英語(yǔ)學(xué)科德育滲透缺失,加大班主任德育工作難度,錯(cuò)失學(xué)科德育教育良機(jī)。
一、初中英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)德育滲透的重要性
(一)學(xué)科德育滲透的效果反作用于初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)科教學(xué)
學(xué)科滲透可以將德育教育蘊(yùn)含在學(xué)科教育中,從而使學(xué)生形成健康的生活情趣、端莊的儀表態(tài)度、文明的言談舉止、規(guī)范的日常行為、正確的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)以及頑強(qiáng)的意志品質(zhì)等,這些優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)會(huì)反作用于學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí),對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)有著重要的正面作用。
(二)學(xué)科德育滲透教育使初中英語(yǔ)教師得到尊重與信任
初中階段是學(xué)生自我意識(shí)增強(qiáng)及產(chǎn)生主觀判斷的重要階段,在此階段進(jìn)行學(xué)科德育滲透,會(huì)使學(xué)生在這一過(guò)程中感受到來(lái)自任課教師的正向陽(yáng)光的世界觀和價(jià)值觀,得到正確引導(dǎo)的同時(shí),也會(huì)對(duì)教師充滿信任與認(rèn)可。
(三)學(xué)科德育滲透使初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的學(xué)科重要性得到提高
隨著初中英語(yǔ)中考分值分布及考試形式的改變,初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)越來(lái)越大。學(xué)生英語(yǔ)的提高難度加大,聽(tīng)力、口語(yǔ)及筆試各部分所花費(fèi)的精力越來(lái)越大,并且很難做到均衡有效分布。英語(yǔ)教師如果仍然單一地進(jìn)行學(xué)科知識(shí)的傳授,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致基礎(chǔ)相對(duì)薄弱的學(xué)生因?yàn)槁?tīng)不懂課堂內(nèi)容而產(chǎn)生厭學(xué)情緒。因此,加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)課堂的趣味性,根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行德育滲透,會(huì)讓這部分學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)課堂有全新的認(rèn)識(shí),即使英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)仍有不同程度的難度,但是可以降低抵觸心理,產(chǎn)生興趣并重新重視英語(yǔ)課堂學(xué)習(xí)。
二、初中英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)德育滲透的實(shí)施策略
深圳初中階段英語(yǔ)學(xué)科使用的教材是《深圳牛津版英語(yǔ)教材》,故本文的實(shí)施策略以此教材中的教學(xué)內(nèi)容為范本進(jìn)行解析。根據(jù)學(xué)生的年齡特點(diǎn)設(shè)置適合學(xué)生討論的問(wèn)題,讓學(xué)生在討論過(guò)程中,既得到英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言輸出的鍛煉,又獲得相關(guān)的道德教育,潛移默化地建立學(xué)生們正確的人生觀、世界觀和價(jià)值觀。
(一)善待他人,尊敬師長(zhǎng)
教材單元:七(上)Unit 1,七(下)Unit 1,Unit3,Unit7,八(下)Unit 1,九(上)Unit 3.
教材話題:Make friends. People around us. A blind man and his eyes. My dad. Voluntary work. Family life in cities.
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
1. What kind of people do you want to make friends with?
2. What can we do if we see some people being in danger?
3. How to help disabled persons?
4. How to show your love to your parents?
5. What kind of life do you like? What can you do to make your life colourful?
6. What kind of voluntary work have you done?
(二)熱愛(ài)生活,遵守規(guī)則
教材單元:七(上)Unit 2,Unit 4,七(下)Unit 2,九(上)Unit 4.
教材話題:Daily life. Seasons. Body language. Aunt Alice’s answers.
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
1. If you have some trouble, what will you do ?
2. Please list some rules in our life.
3. Do you have some problems in your daily life? Please list them.
4. Do you usually use body language? What are they?
(三)保護(hù)環(huán)境,從我做起
教材單元:七(上)Unit 3,七(下)Unit 4,Unit 5,九(下)Unit 3.
教材話題:Protect the earth. Tree in our daily lives. Water talks. ?The world is in danger.
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
1. What can you do to protect the earth in your daily lives?
2. How to protect trees?
3. How to show your love to your parents?
4. What kinds of activities are bad for environment?
(四)發(fā)展特長(zhǎng),勇于挑戰(zhàn)
教材單元:七(上)Unit 7,Unit 8,七(下)Unit 8,九(上)Unit 5, 九(下)Unit 2,Unit 5.
教材話題:Clubs. Unusual collections. My lifetime hobby, Surprises at the studio, Skiing: An unforgettable experience. Living in another country. English week.
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
1. What kind of hobby do you have?
2. What kind of things do you like collect?
3. What can you do to let your hobby be your job in future?
4. What is your unforgettable experience?
5. What did you do in English week?
(五)學(xué)習(xí)名著,開(kāi)拓思維
教材單元:八(上)Unit 1,Unit 2,Unit 6,八(下)Uint 8, 九(上)Unit 7,Unit 8.
教材話題:Look it up! The king and the rice. ?Life in two thousand and fifty. Tom Sawyer. One dollar and eighty- seven cents.
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
1. Which book do you like best? Please introduce it to us.
2. What can you learn from Tom Sawyer?
3. What kind person is clever in your mind?
4. Please make a story by yourself.
5. What kind of life do you want to have in future?
(六)了解歷史,探索世界
教材單元:七(上)Unit 5,Unit 6,七(下)Unit 2,八(上)Unit 6,八(下)Unit 3,九(上)Unit 5.
教材話題:Travel to space. Visiting Shanghai. France is calling. Trojan horse. Fishing with birds. An exchange visit.
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
1. Please tell us your unforgettable travel.
2. Please introduce Shenzhen to others.
3. Which city do you want to go? Why?
4. Please imagine your school life in high school.
(七)科學(xué)飲食,健康生活
教材單元:九(上)Unit 6,九(下)Unit 6
教材話題:What is a balanced diet? How to lead a balanced life?
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
1. What kind of food do you like best? Why?
2. What do you think of the balanced diet?
3. What can you do to lead a balanced life?
4. Please share your balanced life to others.
(八)愛(ài)護(hù)動(dòng)物,尊重生命
教材單元:八(下)Unit 5,Unit 6,九(下)Unit 4.
教材話題:The giant panda. Head to head. The great flood.
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
7. Do you like to see animals in the zoo? What do you usually do in the zoo?
8. What can we do to protect the animals around us?
9. If you are facing a disaster, what you will do to protect yourself and people around you?
10. What do you think of the stray dogs and cats in your community?
(九)了解科技,創(chuàng)新思維
教材單元:七(上)Unit 6,八(上)Unit 3,Unit 4,Unit 7,八(下)Unit 4。
教材話題:Electricity all around. Computer facts. Great inventions. Memory corner. How to make a cartoon.
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
1. What can we do to make good use of computer?
2. What can we do to use electricity except making light?
3. What do you like to invent? Can you tell me what your idea is?
4. What do you think of science?
(十)學(xué)習(xí)智者,樹立榜樣
教材單元:九(上)Unit 1,Unit2,九(下)Unit 1。
教材話題:Archimedes and the golden crown. Tow geniuses. The voyages of Zheng He.
問(wèn)題設(shè)置:
1. How to be a wise person?
2. What kind of good quality is the most important?
3. Who is the wise person in our class?
4. Do you want to be a wise person? What should you do now?
三、初中英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)德育滲透的幾點(diǎn)思考
(一)初中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備有限,教師在英語(yǔ)課堂進(jìn)行德育滲透的過(guò)程中,純英語(yǔ)的表述會(huì)對(duì)德育教育效果產(chǎn)生影響。因此,可在德育滲透過(guò)程中,注意提問(wèn)及教學(xué)引導(dǎo)的難度設(shè)置及適當(dāng)?shù)闹形囊龑?dǎo)。
(二)英語(yǔ)教師需要選擇適合學(xué)生發(fā)散性思維討論的話題,讓學(xué)生有興趣說(shuō),有話可說(shuō),并鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行小組討論,在互動(dòng)的過(guò)程中提升德育水平,并有效鍛煉英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)表達(dá)。
(三)英語(yǔ)課堂德育滲透的方式可以多種多樣,不限于話題討論,可以表演、辯論、設(shè)計(jì)手抄報(bào)等,也可以只是簡(jiǎn)單的幾句話的引導(dǎo)或拋出一個(gè)有德育教育意義的時(shí)事,讓學(xué)生課后加以思考。
總之,初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課堂并不只是英文知識(shí)傳授的基地,更應(yīng)該成為德育教育的陣地。盡管外語(yǔ)教學(xué)多數(shù)時(shí)間是將國(guó)外的文化或知識(shí)介紹給學(xué)生,但是我們自己國(guó)家的文化自豪感和道德品質(zhì)才是作為中國(guó)人應(yīng)該首要具備的。堅(jiān)持初中英語(yǔ)課堂德育滲透,是初中英語(yǔ)教師應(yīng)該也必須重視,并在日常課堂教學(xué)中加以落實(shí)的任務(wù)。